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1.
Angiología ; 68(3): 235-241, mayo-jun. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151499

RESUMO

La frecuencia de la trombosis venosa profunda distal oscila entre un 20 y un 50% de todas las trombosis profundas de los miembros inferiores y presenta los mismos factores de riesgo que las proximales y que el embolismo pulmonar, con un 50% menos de riesgo de recurrencia. Su historia natural, deficientemente conocida, explica el debate sobre su importancia. La complicación más frecuente es el síndrome postrombótico. El ecodoppler es el método diagnóstico más empleado. El dímero D solo no excluye la trombosis, no es útil como factor pronóstico de recurrencia ni se asocia con el síndrome postrombótico. La selectina P soluble combinada con el índice de Wells es una prueba diagnóstica excelente. La anticoagulación varía entre 3 meses e indefinidamente según la trombosis sea provocada o idiopática. En caso de cáncer se recomienda continuar el tratamiento hasta pasados 6 meses después de su curación o de su remisión completa


The frequency of the distal deep vein thrombosis is between 20 and 50% of all deep lower limb thrombosis, and has the same risk factors as proximal and pulmonary embolism, and with 50% lower risk of recurrence. Its natural history is not well-known, and may explain the debate about its importance. The most common complication is post-thrombotic syndrome. The echo-Doppler is the most used diagnostic method. D-dimer alone does not exclude thrombosis, is not useful predictors of recurrence, and is associated with post-thrombotic syndrome. Soluble P-selectin, combined with the Wells index is an excellent diagnostic test. Anticoagulation varies between 3 months and indefinitely depending on whether the thrombosis is provoked or idiopathic. If cancer, it is recommended to continue treatment until 6 months after cure or complete remission


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Trombose Venosa/complicações , Trombose Venosa/história , Trombose Venosa , Extremidade Inferior/lesões , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Tromboembolia Venosa/terapia , Selectina-P/fisiologia , Selectina-P/uso terapêutico , Ultrassonografia Doppler/instrumentação , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Heparina/farmacologia , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Pós-Trombótica/complicações , Síndrome Pós-Trombótica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Pós-Trombótica/prevenção & controle , Meias de Compressão
3.
Angiología ; 65(6): 218-227, nov.-dic. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117089

RESUMO

Los pacientes con trombosis venosas profundas iliofemorales tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir un tromboembolismo venoso recurrente y un síndrome postrombótico que los que padecen trombosis venosas proximales menos extensas. Aunque las heparinas y el fondaparinux son utilizados como terapia inicial, es muy probable que los nuevos anticoagulantes orales los sustituyan en un futuro próximo. La trombólisis sistémica y la dirigida por catéter están siendo reemplazadas por la percutánea mecánica y farmacomecánica debido a sus menores tasas de hemorragias, de tiempo de perfusión y de consumo de recursos hospitalarios. La trombectomía quirúrgica venosa se reserva para pacientes con contraindicaciones o fracaso de estas últimas. Aunque el tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado en casos severos de síndrome postrombótico, carecemos de estudios metodológicamente consistentes sobre su efectividad y seguridad (AU)


Patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis are at increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and post-thrombotic syndrome than those with less extensive proximal venous thrombosis. Although heparins and fondaparinux are used as initial therapy, it is likely that new oral anticoagulants, mostly those replaced in the near future. Systemic thrombolysis and catheter-directed is being replaced by mechanical and pharmacomechanical percutaneous due to their lower rates of bleeding, infusion time and consumption of hospital resources. The venous thrombectomy should be reserved for patients with contraindications or failure of the latter. Although surgical treatment is this one indicated in severe cases of post-thrombotic syndrome, lack of methodologically robust studies on its effectiveness and safety (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Trombose Venosa/cirurgia , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Terapia Trombolítica , Síndrome Pós-Trombótica/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle
4.
Av. diabetol ; 25(4): 320-328, jul.-ago. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-73361

RESUMO

En los últimos años, la citometría de fl ujo ha experimentado un gran desarrolloque la confi rma como una importante herramienta de trabajocon gran potencial clínico y analítico. Sus principales ventajas derivan delhecho de utilizar directamente sangre entera –sin el riesgo de activaciónartefactual que frecuentemente se produce por la manipulación de lamuestra cuando se trabaja con plaquetas lavadas– y de poder detectarsimultáneamente diversos antígenos en distintas subpoblaciones celularesbien identifi cadas. Esta metodología permite estudiar plaquetas circulantesactivadas espontáneamente y valorar el efecto in vitro y ex vivode diversos fármacos sobre la función plaquetaria en numerosas patologías.A pesar de sus ventajas, actualmente la aplicación de la citometríade flujo en el estudio de la diabetes y otras patologías metabólicovascularesestá lejos de ser un hecho habitual(AU)


In recent years flow cytometry has experienced a great development,which confirms it as an important tool to work with a greatclinical and analytical potential. Its major advantages derive from thefact that we work directly with whole blood, without the risk of artefactualactivation that often occurs by the manipulation of the samplewhen working with washed platelets. In addition, flow cytometry isable to detect simultaneously different antigens on well-defined cellsubpopulations. This methodology permit the study of circulatingspontaneously activated platelets and evaluate the effect of severaldrugs, in vitro and ex vivo, on platelet function in numerous pathologies.Despite its advantages, flow cytometry is currently not usedusually in the study of diabetes and other metabolic-vascular pathologies(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Citometria de Fluxo , Ativação Plaquetária/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Plaquetária , Plaquetas , Doenças Metabólicas/fisiopatologia , Complicações do Diabetes , Hipertensão/complicações , Dislipidemias/complicações
5.
Rev. lab. clín ; 2(2): 73-79, abr. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-85168

RESUMO

Introducción. En pacientes hiperlipémicos resultan frecuentes los procesos trombóticos, en los que las plaquetas desempeñan un papel decisivo. La presencia de plaquetas activadas circulantes, descrito en un trabajo anterior, constituye un importante factor de riesgo trombótico, por lo que resulta de gran interés disponer de un fármaco hipolipemiante que, además de normalizar los lípidos plasmáticos, también disminuya la activación de las plaquetas circulantes.Los principales objetivos del presente estudio son valorar si la mayor activación plaquetaria de los pacientes hipercolesterolémicos se acompaña de cambios en la movilización del calcio libre citoplasmático plaquetario y si dichas alteraciones se normalizan mediante la medicación con atorvastatina. Material y métodos. Para alcanzar éstos objetivos se estudian 30 pacientes hipercolesterolémicos y 40 controles normolipémicos. En sangre anticoagulada con citrato, se determina el porcentaje plaquetas CD62+, el número de microagregados plaquetarios formados espontáneamente (MAP/5.000 plaquetas) y la movilización del calcio libre citoplasmático. Para ello, se utiliza un citómetro EPICS-XL, y los anticuerpos y fluorocromos CD61.PE, CD62.FITC y FURA3-AM. Los pacientes se estudian antes y después de 2 meses de tratamiento con atorvastatina (20mg/día). Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el tratamiento con atorvastatina disminuye significativamente la concentración de colesterol total, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) y triglicéridos. En paralelo se observa una disminución del % plaquetas circulantes CD62+ (2,41±1,55% a 1,45±1,06%; p<0,05) y del número de MAP (390±43 a 322±48; p<0,05). Estos cambios se acompañan de la normalización de la movilización del Ca2+ libre citoplasmático plaquetario. Conclusiones. Como conclusión, se observa que la citometría de flujo de sangre entera constituye una técnica útil para abordar temas tales como los planteados en el presente trabajo. Los pacientes hipercolesterolémicos presentan mayor activación plaquetaria, que se acompaña de la formación de microagregados plaquetarios y de cambios en la movilización del Ca2+, que se normalizan mediante el tratamiento con atorvastatina, hecho que no se ha comunicado previamente en la bibliografía revisada (AU)


Introduction. Thrombotic events are common in hyperlipemic patients in which platelet activation play a decisive role. The presence of activated platelets, as described in a previous paper, is a major risk factor for thrombosis in patients with a high plasma cholesterol and it is therefore of great interest to have a lipid lowering drug that, in addition to normalising plasma lipids, also decreases this activation of circulating platelets. The main aims of this study are to assess whether the increased platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic patients is accompanied by changes in cytoplasmic free calcium mobilisation in platelets and the formation of platelet microaggregates, and whether these changes are normalised by treatment with atorvastatin. Material and methods. To achieve these aims 30 hypercholesterolemia patients and 40 normolipemic controls were recruited. The percentage of CD62 positive platelets, the number of spontaneously formed platelet microaggregates (MAP/5000 platelets) and the free calcium mobilization in platelets were evaluated in citrated blood . An EPICS-XL flow cytometer and the antibodies and fluorochromes CD61.PE, CD62.FITC and FLUO3-AM were used for this study. The patients were evaluated before and after two months of atorvastatin (20mg/day) treatment. Results. The results show that atorvastatin treatment significantly decreases the plasma concentration of total and LDL-Cholesterol and triglycerides. In parallel a decrease was noted in the percentage of activated circulating CD62 positive platelets (2.41±1.55% to 1.45±1.06%, P<0.05) and also in the number of spontaneously formed MAP (390±43 to 322±48, P<0.05). These changes were accompanied by the normalization in the free calcium mobilization in platelets. Conclusions. As a conclusion it is noted that the flow cytometry of whole blood is a useful technique for evaluating aspects such as those raised in this study. Hypercholesterolemia patients showed more spontaneous platelet activation, which was accompanied by the formation of platelet microaggregates and changes in the cytoplasmic free calcium mobilization, which were normalised by treatment with atorvastatin, which has not been previously reported in the literature (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/diagnóstico , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Massa Corporal
6.
An Med Interna ; 21(8): 400-7, 2004 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15373726

RESUMO

The diagnosis of the deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based exclusively on its symptomatology and on the examination clinic is of few usefulness due to its small sensibility and especificity. However, its adequate combination with the presence of risk factors for the thrombosis, and the existence or not of an alternative diagnosis, it can be employed it to classify to the patients according to the forecast model clinic of DVT of Wells in two categories: high or probability decrease of suffering it. Their utilization in urgencies together with the determination of the D dimer (DD) will indicate us the need or not of accomplishing an echo -- Doppler, currently the complementary election test. The phlebography is maintained as "the gold test", though is reservation for certain cases. Unless exceptions, the heparins of under molecular weight have displaced the heparins not fractioned in the treatment of the disease, due to the series of inconvenients that present: complications hemorrhagics, thrombocytopenia, need of hospitalization and of biological control. It is possible, that in a future most or less next new antithrombotics, as the fondaparinux or the ximelagatran change substantially the treatment of the DVT. The indication of the thrombolysis is little accepted, due to the fact that the relationship risk -- benefit is not satisfactory. Though they are not exempt of complications, exist clean-looking situations in those which is indicated the placement of a filter in the inferior vein cava. An exception, they would be the thrombosis massive veins with gangrene risk phlegmasia cerulea dolens, in patient with under risk hemorrhagic. Finally, in the cases that developed ischemia venous, that generally appear in the occlusions most proximals -- iliac and inferior vein cava --, an effective option to re-establish the venous permeability would be the thrombectomy venous.


Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Extremidade Inferior/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Antifibrinolíticos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior/patologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Ultrassonografia Doppler
7.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 21(8): 400-407, ago. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34993

RESUMO

El diagnóstico de la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) basado exclusivamente en su sintomatología y en el examen clinico es de poca utilidad debido a su escasa sensibilidad y especificidad. Sin embargo, su adecuada combinación con la presencia de factores de riesgo, y la existencia o no de un diagnóstico alternativo, puede emplearse para clasificar a los pacientes según el modelo de predicción clínica de TVP de Wells en dos categorías: alta o baja probabilidad de padecerla. Su utilización en urgencias junto con la determinación del dímero-D (DD) nos indicará la necesidad o no de realizar un eco-Doppler, actualmente la prueba complementaria de elección. La flebografía se mantiene como "la prueba de oro", aunque se reserva para ciertos casos. Salvo excepciones, las heparinas de bajo peso molecular han desplazado a las no fraccionadas en el tratamiento de la enfermedad, debido a la serie de inconvenientes que presentan: complicaciones hemorrágicas, trombopenia, necesidad de hospitalización y control biológico. Es posible, que en un futuro más o menos próximo nuevos antitrombóticos, como el fondaparinux o el ximelagatrán cambien substancialmente el tratamiento de la TVP. Aunque no están exentos de complicaciones, existen situaciones en las que está indicada la colocación de un filtro en la vena cava inferior. La trombolisis es poco aceptada, debido a que la relación riesgo-beneficio no es satisfactoria. Una excepción, serían las trombosis venosas masivas con riesgo de gangrena (flegmasia cerúlea dolens), en pacientes con bajo riesgo hemorrágico. Finalmente, en los casos que cursan con isquemia venosa, que generalmente aparecen en las oclusiones más proximalesvena iliaca y cava inferior-, una opción eficaz para restablecer la permeabilidad venosa sería la trombectomía venosa (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Extremidade Inferior , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Antifibrinolíticos
8.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 20(9): 483-492, sept. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-23874

RESUMO

La verdadera incidencia del síndrome postrombótico (SPT) no se conoce con precisión, aunque de la mayor parte de los estudios disponibles, parece deducirse que puede establecerse un año después de la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) aguda de los miembros inferiores en el 17 por ciento al 50 por ciento de los pacientes. Inseparablemente unido a la hipertensión venosa que sigue al desarrollo de la incompetencia valvular, se acompaña de una serie de reacciones inflamatorias que incluyen el aumento de la permeabilidad endotelial, la unión de los leucocitos circulantes al endotelio, la infiltración por monocitos, linfocitos y mastocitos del tejido conectivo, y el desarrollo de infiltrados tisulares fibróticos y distintos marcadores moleculares. Al contrario que en las TVP, sabemos muy poco acerca de los factores que incrementan el riesgo de padecer un SPT, ya que el único identificado hasta ahora es la TVP recurrente. Actualmente disponemos de distintas escalas estandarizadas para su diagnóstico clínico, aunque el eco-Doppler duplex color es, actualmente, la técnica no invasiva de elección para detectar, localizar y evaluar la incapacidad venosa valvular y la obstrucción venosa crónica. Las modernas técnicas de imagen: tomografia computarizada (TC), resonancia magnética (RM) e isotópicas tienen un futuro prometedor, si bien se encuentran en fase de validación. Los fármacos flebotrópicos son la estrategia terapéutica de elección para los pacientes con SPT en los que no está indicada la cirugía o en los que ésta es un coadyuvante del tratamiento médico. Finalmente, la cirugía venosa profunda debe reservarse para todos aquellos pacientes que sufren de insuficiencia venosa crónica grave, con reflujo venoso significativo e hipertensión venosa ambulatoria. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome , Doenças Vasculares , Trombose Venosa , Endotélio Vascular
9.
An Med Interna ; 20(9): 483-92, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14755906

RESUMO

The real incidence of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is not known precisely, though of the most part of the variable studies, seems be deduced that it can be established a year after the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) acute of the inferior members in 17% to the 50% of the patients. Inseparably united to the venous hypertension that continues to the development of the incompetence valvular, is accompanied of a series of inflammatory reactions that include the increase in the permeability endothelial, the union of the circulating leukocytes at endothelium, the infiltration by monocytes, lymphocytes and mastocytes of the connective tissue, and the development of infiltrated tissular fibrotics and different molecular markers. To the contrary that in the DVT, we know very little about the factors that increase the risk of suffering a PTS, since the only one identified up until now it is the recurrent DVT. Currently we have different scales standardized for their your clinical diagnosis, though the Echo-Doppler is, currently, the technique not invasive of election to detect, locate and evaluate the venous disability valvular and the venous obstruction chronicle. The modern technical of image: computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and isotopics have a promising future, even though are found in validation phase. The phlebothropics drugs are the therapeutic election strategy for the patients with PTS in those which is not indicated the surgery or in those which this is a assisting of the medical treatment. Finally, the deep venous surgery must be reserved for all those patients that suffer from venous insufficiency serious chronicle, with meaningful venous reflux and ambulatory venous hypertension.


Assuntos
Doenças Vasculares/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/complicações , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Humanos , Síndrome , Doenças Vasculares/sangue , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/terapia
10.
An Med Interna ; 19(5): 246-50, 2002 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12108001

RESUMO

We present the case of a 76 year-old man, intervened of an obstruction bilateral iliac by means of placement of a prosthesis aortobifemoral that presented pain in the grave left iliac and fever in needles of 39 degrees C to the five years of the intervention. In the physical exploration it highlighted a painful abdomen in the grave left iliac with signs of peritoneal irritation. In the laboratory tests a leukocytosis was detected with neutrophilia and negative culture. The computed thomography (CT) show the presence of gas bubbles around the prosthesis, as well as a liquid collection with areas necrotics in their interior that affected to the psoas and iliac muscles. In the same exploration the aspirative puncture with drainage of the absces demonstrated in the cultivations carried out in aerobic means the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae. When presenting a high gastrointestinal hemorrhage abruptly, he was practiced and gastroduodenal endoscope in which a aortoduodenal fistula was evidenced with having bled active. When a bypass extra-anatomic, the sick person will practice it died when presenting a shock abrupt hipovolemic that he didn't respond to the pertinent treatment. We analyze the approaches current diagnoses of infection of the vascular prosthesis and their more serious complication, the aortoenteric fistula (AEF) that either appears in the 0.3-5.9% of the patients who undergo prosthetic reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, for occlusive or aneurismal disease. We highlight the importance of carrying out a precocious diagnosis of the infection of the portion retroperitoneal of the vascular graft that, often, it is manifested with subtle and not specific clinical signs, with the techniques at the moment available as: the CT, fine needle aspiration guided by her, and to diminish the rates of mortality, from the current of 43%, until the most optimistic estimated in 19%.


Assuntos
Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Doenças da Aorta/etiologia , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Duodenopatias/etiologia , Enterococcus , Veia Femoral/cirurgia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/complicações , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/complicações , Fístula Vascular/etiologia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino
11.
An Med Interna ; 19(1): 31-4, 2002 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11989079

RESUMO

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory process of unknown etiology which affects the aorta and its main branches causing occlusion, stenosis or dilation of the vessels concerned. A case of TA in a young woman is presented, who underwent colour doppler duplex ultrasound image study and whose diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic nuclear angioresonance (MNAR). The role of these two explorations in the detection and follow-up of this condition is discussed. Due to the fact that the expression and age at presentation may vary according to the different geographical areas affected, we would especially underline the new diagnostic criteria for this entity and based on the angiography findings obtained.


Assuntos
Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Arterite de Takayasu/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos
12.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 19(5): 246-250, mayo 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11989

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 76 años, intervenido de una obstrucción iliaca bilateral mediante colocación de una prótesis aortobifemoral, que cinco años después presentó dolor en la fosa iliaca izquierda y fiebre en agujas de 39º C. En la exploración física destacaba un abdomen doloroso en la fosa iliaca izquierda con signos de irritación peritoneal. En las pruebas de laboratorio se detectó una leucocitosis con neutrofilia y hemocultivos negativos. La tomografía computadorizada (TC) objetivó la presencia de burbujas de gas alrededor de la prótesis, así como una colección líquida con áreas necróticas en su interior que afectaba a los músculos psoas e iliaco. En la misma exploración, la punción aspirativa con drenaje del absceso demostró en los cultivos realizados en medios aerobios la presencia de Enterococcus faecalis y Enterobacter cloacae. Al presentar bruscamente una hemorragia gastrointestinal alta, se le practicó una endoscopia gastroduodenal en la que se evidenció una fístula aortoduodenal con sangrado activo. Cuando se le iba a practicar un bypass extraanatómico, el enfermo falleció al presentar un shock hipovolémico brusco, que no respondió al tratamiento pertinente. Analizamos los criterios diagnósticos actuales de infección de las prótesis vasculares y su complicación más grave, la fistula aortoentérica (FAE), que aparece en el 0,3-5,9 por ciento de los pacientes que sufren reconstrucciones protésicas de la aorta abdominal, ya sea por enfermedades oclusivas o aneurismáticas. Destacamos la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico precoz de la infección de la porción retroperitoneal del injerto vascular que, a menudo, se manifiesta con signos clínicos sutiles y no específicos, con las técnicas actualmente disponibles como: la TC, la punción aspirativa guiada por ella, y la angiografía. Todo esto, con el fin de erradicar el proceso infeccioso y disminuir las tasas de mortalidad, desde las actuales del 43 por ciento, hasta las más optimistas estimadas en un 19 por ciento (AU)


We present the case of a 76 year-old man, intervened of an obstruction bilateral iliac by means of placement of a prosthesis aortobifemoral that presented pain in the grave left iliac and fever in needles of 39º C to the five years of the intervention. In the physical exploration it highlighted a painful abdomen in the grave left iliac with signs of peritoneal irritation. In the laboratory tests a leukocytosis was detected with neutrophilia and negative culture. The computed thomography (CT) show the presence of gas bubbles around the prosthesis, as well as a liquid collection with areas necrotics in their interior that affected to the psoas and iliac muscles. In the same exploration the aspirative puncture with drainage of the absces demonstrated in the cultivations carried out in aerobic means the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae. When presenting a high gastrointestinal hemorrhage abruptly, he was practiced and gastroduodenal endoscope in which a aortoduodenal fistula was evidenced with having bled active. When a bypass extra-anatomic, the sick person will practice it died when presenting a shock abrupt hipovolemic that he didn't respond to the pertinent treatment. We analyze the approaches current diagnoses of infection of the vascular prosthesis and their more serious complication, the aortoenteric fistula (AEF) that either appears in the 0,3-5,9% of the patients who undergo prosthetic reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, for oclusive or aneurismal disease. We highlight the importance of carrying out a precocious diagnosis of the infection of the portion retroperitoneal of the vascular graft that, often, it is manifested with subtle and not specific clinical signs, with the techniques at the moment available as: the CT, fine needle aspiration guided by her, and to diminish the rates of mortality, from the current of 43%, until the most optimistic estimated in 19% (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso , Masculino , Humanos , Enterococcus , Fístula Vascular , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Doenças da Aorta , Aorta Abdominal , Prótese Vascular , Duodenopatias , Fístula Intestinal , Veia Femoral
13.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 19(1): 31-34, ene. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-10442

RESUMO

La arteritis de Takayasu (AT) es un proceso inflamatorio crónico de etiología desconocida que afecta a la aorta y sus ramas principales, lo que provoca oclusiones, estenosis o dilataciones en los vasos afectados. Presentamos un caso de AT en una mujer joven estudiada por ecodoppler duplex color y confirmada por angiorresonancia magnética nuclear (ARMN). Discutimos el papel de estas dos exploraciones en la detección y el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Debido a que su expresión y edad de presentación puede variar según las diferentes áreas geográficas afectadas, hacemos especial hincapié en los nuevos criterios diagnósticos para esta entidad, basados en los hallazgos angiográficos obtenidos (AU)


Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory process of unknown etiology which affects the aorta and its main branches causing occlusion, stenosis or dilation of the vessels concerned. A case of TA in a young woman is presented, who underwent colour doppler duplex ultrasound image study and whose diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic nuclear angioresonance (MNAR). The role of these two explorations in the detection and follow-up of this condition is discussed. Due to the fact that the expression and age at presentation may vary according to the different geographical areas affected, we would especially underline the new diagnostic criteria for this entity and based on the angiography findings obtained (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Arterite de Takayasu
16.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 16(11): 590-600, nov. 1999. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-119

RESUMO

Tradicionalmente, se ha recomendado la profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) con heparinas, ya sean no fraccionadas (HNF) o de bajo peso molecular (HBPM), administradas subcutaneamente. Aunque se esperaba que estas últimas fuesen más efectivas, numerosos estudios clínicos han confirmado que no hay diferencias apreciables entre ellas, en cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, en la prevención de la ETEV, el sangrado o la muerte. Por todo ello, parece lógico pensar si ha llegado el momento de plantearse la posible substitución de las viejas heparinas convencionales por las nuevas HBPM. Para intentar contestar a esta pregunta, revisamos los principales metaanálisis publicados en los que se han empleado comparativamente ambas heparinas. Analizamos sus mecanismos de acción, sus diferencias farmacocinéticas y sus efectos adversos. También en que tipo de enfermos, cuando iniciarla y durante cuanto tiempo proseguir la tromboprofilaxis con heparina. Con los datos disponibles actualmente, se puede inferir que las HBPM son tan seguras y eficaces como las HNF en la profilaxis de la ETEV. Además tienen una serie de ventajas añadidas como son, el no precisar controles de laboratorio y su fácil dosificación y administración, tanto por el personal de enfermería como por el propio paciente (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Heparina/farmacocinética , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Tromboembolia , Fatores de Tempo , Previsões , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle
17.
An Med Interna ; 16(8): 427-33, 1999 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10507172

RESUMO

Thromboembolic disease (TD), which includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the most common acute cardiovascular condition after ischemic cardiopathy and stroke. It is often difficult to diagnose, as it is well-known that half of PE episodes appear are recognized while the patient is still alive and which appear in 30-40% of symptomatic patients. Nonetheless, there are two well-differentiated phases in the diagnosis of TD: the suspicion, and the diagnosis. The first is very important, and is within the competence of any physician. The second can be ratified when carrying out specific tests. We have developed successive steps in the two phases of diagnosis, we critically review the distinct parts currently implicated in the strategic diagnosis of TD. Finally, we analyze the new diagnostic techniques to substitute, possibly, angiography in many cases, and perhaps to include ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) pulmonary gammagraphy, once become generally available.


Assuntos
Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Cintilografia , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Relação Ventilação-Perfusão
18.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 16(8): 427-433, ago. 1999. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-85

RESUMO

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV), que incluye la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y el embolismo pulmonar (EP), es la afección cardiovascular aguda más frecuente después de la cardiopatía isquémica y el infarto cerebral. A menudo es difícil de diagnosticar, como lo prueba el hecho de que menos de la mitad de los episodios de EP son reconocidos mientras el enfermo todavía vive y a que únicamente puede demostrarse en el 30-40% de los pacientes sintomáticos. En cualquier caso, el diagnóstico de la ETEV pasa por dos fases bien diferenciadas: la de sospecha y la de confirmación. La primera es muy importante y está al alcance de cualquier médico. La segunda nos permite ratificarla mediante la realización de pruebas específicas. Desarrollamos los pasos sucesivos de las dos fases del diagnóstico. Para ello revisaremos de forma crítica los distintos apartados implicados actualmente en la estrategia diagnóstica de la ETEV. Finalmente, analizaremos las nuevas técnicas diagnósticas destinadas a substituir, posiblemente, a la angiografía en muchos casos y quizá incluso a la gammagrafía pulmonar de ventilación/perfusión (V/Q), en cuanto se dispongan de forma generalizada (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Angiografia Digital , Pulmão , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Embolia Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Trombose Venosa , Relação Ventilação-Perfusão , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico
19.
An Med Interna ; 16(11): 590-600, 1999 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10638004

RESUMO

Traditionally, it has been recommended that the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) be treated, subcutaneously, with heparins, be they fractionated (UH) or low molecular weight (LMWH). While it has been expected that the latter would prove the more effective, numerous clinical studies have confirmed that there are no appreciable differences between either, given the results obtained in the prevention of VTD, or of bleeding, or of death. It therefore appears logical to think that the moment has arrived to consider substituting the old, conventional heparins, for the new LMWH. In order to attempt to answer this question, we have undertaken a revision of the main meta-analysis published, wherein both heparins have been comparatively employed; thus we analyze their mechanisms of action, their pharmacokinetics differences, and their adverse effects, as well as the type of patients, both at the time of initiation and continuation of tromboprophylaxis with heparins. Using currently available data, it can be inferred that LMWH are as safe and effective as the UH in the prevention of VTD. Moreover, there are a series or added advantages, such as no unnecessary laboratory controls, and the easy dosification and administration, both to patient as well as nursing staff.


Assuntos
Heparina/uso terapêutico , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controle , Previsões , Heparina/farmacocinética , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Tempo
20.
An Med Interna ; 15(4): 179-82, 1998 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9608059

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: A total of 61 autopsies performed in patients died in emergency department of a university hospital were retrospectively analysed and the findings were compared with clinical diagnoses. METHODS: Sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnoses and the correction of medical procedures were measured. The influence of age and sex of patients was analyzed using Fisher's exact test and chi-square-test. RESULTS: The most common causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (52.46%). Autopsy showed unexpected major findings in 44.26% of cases. Major discrepancies between the autopsy reports and the clinical diagnoses, were present in 26.22% of all cases. Absolute concordance between clinical and autopsy diagnoses was obtained in 44.26% of cases. The major sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was found in cerebrovascular disorders (100%), upper digestive hemorrhage (100%), and acute myocardial infarction (82.35%). The lowest sensitivity was found in malignant tumors (16.66%), hemorrhagic pancreatitis (0%) and bowel infarction (0%). The patient cares were correct in 68.85% of cases. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that autopsy is a useful method for evaluate diagnostic procedures and quality of medical cares in emergency departments.


Assuntos
Autopsia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Erros Médicos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha
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